3.2.3 Charge Stages
Lithium-Ion battery charge follows three stages:
1. Prequalification current: Charging of a Li-Ion battery starts with a test of battery
voltage. If the voltage is under a defined threshold (PREQUAL_VOLTAGE), the
charge starts with a fixed low current.
2. Constant current. The charge continues with applying constant current to the
battery. The size of the charge current is battery-dependent and given by the
manufacturer. This stage is complete when battery voltage has reached the
threshold given by the manufacturer.
3. Constant voltage. After battery threshold voltage has been reached the charger will
switch from supplying constant current to supplying constant voltage. This stage is
complete when charge current has dropped below the threshold given by the
manufacturer.
The below figure illustrates voltage and current of a lithium-ion battery during
charging.
Figure 3-1. Charge stages and limits of a VARTA? EasyPack 550mAh
Voltage/Current
OVERCHARGE VOLTAGE LIMIT
4.2V
Vbatt
3V
OVERDISCHARGE VOLTAGE LIMIT
260mA
Ibatt
100mA
10mA
ICUTOFF
t
CONSTANT CURRENT CHARGE
CONSTANT VOLTAGE CHARGE
In the figure above, “Overcharge” is the level at which cell protection circuitry cuts in
and opens a solid-state switch and discontinues the charge current path. After this,
battery voltage typically needs to drop several hundred millivolts before the current
path is restored. “Overdischarge” is the level at which the current path is cut in order
to prevent the battery from over-discharging.
6
AVR146
7801A-AVR-06/08
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